(Source: BBC News)
Sundar Pichai spoke at the annual Google for India event, held online.
The investment will be used to build products and services for India, help businesses go digital and use technology "for social good".
"This is a reflection of our confidence in the future of India and its digital economy," Mr Pichai said.
With more than 500 million active internet users in the country, India is perhaps the biggest potential growth market for Google.
The investment will be made through the Google for India Digitisation Fund
Mr Pichai said the fund would focus on four areas to scale up digital infrastructure in India. It would:
Mr Pichai also touted Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Digital India project which aims to overhaul the country's digital infrastructure.
Mr Modi tweeted to say that he and Mr Pichai had discussed "leveraging the power of technology to transform the lives of India's farmers, youngsters and entrepreneurs".